Attributes away from grunts and you can strong grunts produced by territorial guys and you will grunts developed by lady of corkwing wrasse

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Table dos. For males, number of tunes analysed is provided since the total number and the range of songs analysed per private inside the supports. For males, amount of colony web sites equivalent what amount of males filed, for females, it stands for exactly how many nests of which we noticed them. Male voice attributes was in fact averaged with the private top prior to figuring the fresh new demonstrated analysis. Imply ± SD | Average is offered towards the level of pulses for each and every voice, duration, heartrate and you can prominent regularity

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Contour step three. Multiple pulse audio developed by brand new corkwing wrasse. Wave-form (top) and involved spectrogram (below). (a) Grunt away from a territorial male corkwing wrasse. (b) Strong grunt off a great territorial male corkwing wrasse. (c) Grunt away from a woman corkwing wrasse. Spectrogram setup: 50 dB vibrant assortment, Hamming window (raised sine-squared), 0.008 s window duration (men and women grunt), 0.08 s window length (men strong grunt)

Contour step three. Numerous heart circulation musical produced by this new corkwing wrasse. Wave form (top) and you may corresponding spectrogram (below). (a) Grunt out-of an effective territorial men corkwing wrasse. (b) Strong grunt from an excellent territorial men corkwing wrasse. (c) Grunt of a woman corkwing wrasse. Spectrogram settings: fifty dB vibrant range, Hamming windows (increased sine-squared), 0.008 s windows size (female and male grunt), 0.08 s windows length (male strong grunt)

Because of the different structure of grunts and deep grunts, we only compared the sound properties statistically, which were the same in both types of grunt, i.e. dominant frequency and duration. The two male grunt types differ significantly from each other in both propertiespared to deep grunts, male grunts are of a shorter duration (t-test: t = 5.44, P < 0.00step one, CI = ?0.47–1.09). The dominant frequency is higher in male grunts than in male deep grunts (Mann Whitney U test: W = 0, N₁ = 17, N₂ = 11, P < 0.001). Table 2 presents all measured sound properties for comparison.

Compared to male grunts, female grunts had a significantly lower pulse-rate (t-test: t = -6.71, P < 0.0001, CI = -- -). Grunts of males and females had a similar dominant frequency (t-test: t = 1.38, P = 0.17, CI = -0.05- 0.26), duration (t-test: t = 0.47, P = 0.64, CI = -0.19- 0.26), and number of pulses (Mann Whitney U test: W = 302, N1 = 17, N2 = 35, P = 0.94).

Single-heartbeat sounds

Your selection of obviously assignable ticks led to the research off 102 male clicks off 31 videos off 19 some body and 66 ladies presses regarding 20 http://www.datingranking.net/nl/christiandatingforfree-overzicht clips from the nests off fourteen boys. Your selection of clearly assignable plops contributed to the analysis out-of 73 male plops away from 28 videos regarding 18 movies and you can 66 females plops from 21 movies at the nests off fourteen males. Averaging men musical each individual male contributed to an example sized letter = 18 to own presses, and you may letter = 17 to own plops.

Clicks are sharp, single-pulse broadband sounds with their main energy in a frequency range of several hundred Hz, while the sound pressure level difference across the harmonics are small (Figure 4(a), Table 3). The dominant frequency of clicks was significantly higher in males than in females (Mann Whitney U test: W = 409, N₁ = 35, N₂ = 66, P = 0.04). However, there were some female clicks for which the dominant frequency was much higher than in most clicks (up to 7200 Hz). We did not see any technical reason to exclude these outliers from the analysis. Clicks did not differ between males and females in the sound pressure level difference between dominant frequency and its 5 th harmonic (t-test: t_48.cuatro = 0.84, P = 0.40, CI = ?2.17–5.31).